Nasal Polyps, Surgery vs Biologic Treatments: what is right for you?

Nasal polyps are a common cause of nasal blockage, loss of smell, and ongoing sinus symptoms. While they are benign, they can significantly affect quality of life, particularly when symptoms become persistent or recurrent.

Treatment options for nasal polyps have evolved in recent years, with both surgical and newer medical therapies available.

What Are Nasal Polyps?

Nasal polyps are soft, inflammatory growths that develop within the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses.

They are often associated with:

• chronic sinusitis

• asthma

• allergies

Symptoms can include:

• nasal obstruction

• Nasal discharge 

• reduced or lost sense of smell

• facial pressure

• recurrent infections

Traditional Treatment Approaches

Initial treatment usually involves:

• steroid nasal sprays

• Steroid impreganted saline rinses

• short courses of oral steroids

These treatments aim to reduce inflammation, but in some patients symptoms persist.

When Is Surgery Recommended?

Surgery may be considered when symptoms are not controlled with medication or when polyps are causing significant obstruction.

Endoscopic sinus surgery removes polyps and restores sinus drainage, helping improve breathing and symptom control.

What Are Biologic Treatments?

Biologic therapies are a newer option for patients with more severe or recurrent nasal polyps.

They work by targeting specific parts of the immune system that drive inflammation and are usually given as injections.

Surgery or Biologics: How Is the Decision Made?

The decision depends on several factors, including:

• severity of symptoms

• extent of sinus disease

• previous treatments

In many cases, treatment is tailored and may involve a combination of approaches.

A Specialist Approach to Nasal Polyps

Managing nasal polyps effectively requires careful assessment and a personalised treatment plan.

A specialist rhinology consultation allows for:

• detailed evaluation of disease

• discussion of all treatment options

• planning of long-term management

Frequently Asked Questions

Do nasal polyps always need surgery?

No — many cases can be managed with medication, but surgery may be needed if symptoms persist. Often the best outcomes and results however come with surgery and long term medical therapy. 

Can nasal polyps come back after surgery?

Yes, polyps can recur, particularly in patients with underlying inflammatory conditions.

What are biologics for nasal polyps?

Biologics are targeted treatments that reduce inflammation and may help control severe or recurrent polyps.

Which treatment is best?

The best treatment depends on the individual patient and should be guided by a specialist assessment. Biologic medications are not without their own risks. These are medications that need to be injected every few weeks for life and the long term effects of suppressing the inflammation immune pathways are still not known. This is why biologics are best reserved for patients who have failed complete/adequate sinus surgery and still have persistent inflammation and symptoms.

Book a Consultation

If you are experiencing persistent nasal blockage, loss of smell, or recurrent sinus problems, a consultation with Mr Karan Jolly can help determine the most appropriate treatment approach.